![]() ![]() However, there was a statistically significant association between hemoglobin during the 1 st ANC visit and immediate low Apgar score (p0.795) and hemo glucose test (HGT) (p>0.473). There was no statistically significant association found among all medical history and immediate low Apgar score. There was no statistically significant association between the immediate Apgar score and antenatal care of mothers (p>0.397) and gestation weeks (p>0.399). The mother complications during delivery and uncooperative mothers were more, 5 (1.3%), compared to those who experienced shoulder dystocia (0.5%), and those with poor maternal effort.Īssociations of obstetric characteristics with immediate Apgar score The majority, 37 (64.9%), of mothers augmented had babies with low Apgar score compared to the 20 (35.1%) who had normal Apgar score. Mothers who were operated under spinal anesthesia were 97 (25.0%), while 14 (3.6%) were operated under general anesthesia. Types of cesarean section operation results show that most cesarean section (CS) operations were performed in emergencies 89 (23%), and elective cesarean sections were 22 (6%). The majority of mothers, 264 (68%), had their babies through normal vaginal deliveries, breech 9 (2%) and vacuum delivery 1 (0%) were recorded in a few cases. Moreover, 179 (46%) spent 12-19 hours in labor, and fewer spent more than 20 hours in labor, 36 (9%). More than half of the participants, 222 (57%), had their membranes intact, 264 (68%) had clear amniotic fluids, 103 (27%) had meconium-stained amniotic fluid, 1 (0%) participant had bloody stained amniotic fluid, and 19 (5%) not recorded. The majority of the participants, 191 (49%) were recorded with moderate contractions, and a few participants, 48 (12%), were recorded as not presented with contractions on admission. However, 320 (82%) HGT were not recorded on maternal files. In addition, the majority, 276 (71%), had normal respiration, normal haemoglucostic (HGT), 61 (16%). The study shows that the majority, 284 (73%), had normal blood pressure, normal pulse, 290 (75%), and normal temperature, 223 (57%). Most of the mothers, 56 (73.7%), with babies with low immediate Apgar score were referred from district hospitals. Less than 5% of mothers were recorded to have pregnancy complications, such as 11 (2.8%) antepartum hemorrhage, and 6 (1.5%) cephalo-pelvic disproportion. Most were recorded to have moderately low hemoglobin Apgar score, 152 (39%), and hemoglobin on admission for delivery 39 (10%) recorded moderately low hemoglobin. However, the majority, more than 90% of mothers, were not suffering from any medical conditions. The highest number, 71 (18.3%), were diagnosed with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), followed by 17 (4.4%) diagnosed with hypertension. The majority, 376 (97.68%), had attended antenatal care, and 51 (13%) indicated having started antenatal care during the first trimester. Obstetric characteristics of participants The majority, 336 (87%), were single, and the majority, 385 (99.23%), were non-smokers. Regarding educational levels, most participants, 254 (65%), had secondary education, and only a few participants 14 (4%) had no formal education. The study results show that the majority of the participants, 346 (89%), were from a rural area, and very few 16 (4%) were from a semi-urban area. Furthermore, the majority, 331 (85%), were unemployed. The majority, 378 (97%), were Namibian and 10 (3%) were Angolan. Most participants 290 (75%) were from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN), and fewer participants, 6 (2%), were from revival churches. On parity, most participants, 148 (38%), were multiparous, followed by 133 (34%) nulliparous, 71 (18%) were primiparous and 36 (9%) were grand multiparous. The majority of the participants were multigravida, 191 (49%), followed by primigravida, 124 (32%), while grand multigravida were 73 (19%). Furthermore, participants above 35 years were 84 (21.6%). The majority of the participants, 227 (58.6%), were aged between 21 to 34 years, and fewer participants 77 (19.8%) were less than 20 years old. The mean age was 29 years and the maximum was 36 years.
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